bleeding esophageal varices…

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digestive system, liver blood supply, bleeding esophageal varices result from dilated veins, in the walls, the lower part, the esophagus, the upper part, the stomach, bleeding varices, a life-threatening complication of portal hypertension, increased blood pressure, in the portal vein, liver disease, increased pressure causes, veins to balloon outward, vessels, rupture, causing vomiting of blood, bloody stools, tarry black stools, a large volume of blood is lost, signs of shock, cause of chronic liver disease, cause bleeding varices, vomiting, vomiting blood, black, tarry stools, bloody stools, decreased urine output, symptoms of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, excessive thirst, paleness, light-headedness, physical examination, signs of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, bloody, black stool on rectal exam, tests to localize bleeding, detect active bleeding include the insertion of a tube, the nose, stomach to look, signs of bleeding, nasogastric, "ng" tube, tests to visualize the varices include egd, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, objective of therapy, stop acute bleeding, manage persistent varices, medical, procedural therapies, bleeding must be, controlled quickly, prevent shock, death, massive bleeding occurs, patient placed on a ventilator to protect the airway, prevent blood from going, lungs, in endoscopic therapy, an endoscope, a device, a light, look inside of a body cavity, directly inject the varices, a clotting agent, place a rubber band around the bleeding veins, procedure is used in acute bleeding episodes, prophylactic, preventive, therapy, acute bleeding, treated by a balloon tamponade, a tube that is inserted, the nose, stomach, inflated, air to produce pressure against the bleeding veins, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, tips, a catheter is extended, a vein across the liver where it connects the portal system, systemic venous system, decreases portal venous pressure, octreotide, vasopressin, medications that, decrease portal blood flow, slow bleeding, emergency surgery, rarely be, treat patients, other therapy fails, portacaval shunts that pass blood, vena cava, portal vein by a graft, resection, the esophagus, two treatment options, procedures have a high death rate, bleeding recurs frequently, bleeding esophageal varices, a serious complication of liver disease, carry a poor prognosis, probable outcome, liver transplantation, patients, bleeding varices from liver disease, recurrence of bleeding after treatment, hypovolemic shock, esophageal stricture after surgery, endoscopic therapy, worsening encephalopathy, confusion, infection, pneumonia, blood stream infection, peritonitis, significant episodes of vomiting blood, black tarry stools occur, the underlying causes, liver disease, prevent bleeding, preventive treatment of varices, medications beta blockers, endoscopic banding helpful in preventing bleeding, evaluation, liver transplantation should also be considered.