blood typing…

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what the risks are erythroblastosis fetalis, photomicrograph, cross matching, rh typing, abo blood typing, blood typing, test to classify blood by determining the absence, presence of antigens on the red blood cells, presence, absence of antibodies to these antigens, in the serum, blood is drawn, a vein, the elbow, the hand, puncture site is cleaned, antiseptic, an elastic band, around the upper arm to apply pressure, vein to swell, blood, a needle is inserted, vein, blood is collected in an air-tight vial, a syringe, band is removed, restore circulation, once the blood has been collected, needle is removed, puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding, in infants, young children, area is cleansed, antiseptic, punctured, a sharp needle, a lancet, blood collected, pipette, small glass tube, on a slide, onto a test strip, into a small container, a bandage applied, puncture site, any bleeding, no special preparation is necessary, infants, young children, test depends on child's age, level of trust, prepare child, infant test, procedure preparation, birth to 1 year, toddler test, procedure preparation, 1 to 3 years, preschooler test, procedure preparation, 3 to 6 years, schoolage test, procedure preparation, 6 to 12 years, adolescent test, procedure preparation, 12 to 18 years, the needle is inserted to draw blood, feel moderate pain, others feel only a prick, stinging sensation, some throbbing, a bruise, develop, site, needle was inserted, temporary, the general physical makeup of all people, same, each individual is unique, every person has identifiers on cells that allow the body to those cells belong, individual, a, b markers, common, important identifiers, o blood type designates the absence, the a, b markers, another surface identifier, antigen, on red blood cells, rh factor, not this antigen is present determines blood, rh+, positive, rh-, negative, abo typing process has 2 steps, forward, reverse typing, initially, blood is mixed, anti-a serum, serum that contains antibodies against type a blood, anti-b serum, serum that contains antibodies against type b blood, a determination, the blood type, not the blood cells stick together, agglutinate, presence of these serums, blood cells, stick together only, the anti-a antibody binds, a antigen, anti-b antibody binds, b antigen, a laboratory technician, see the cells sticking together, the blood, serum, mixed, test tube, second step involves placing serum, liquid portion, the blood, the cells, blood that is known to be type a, type b, ab, the results of these two steps, blood type, determined accurately, rh typing is similar to abo typing, blood is mixed, serum containing anti-rh antibodies, agglutination, occurs, have rh-positive blood, blood cells, not stick together, have rh-negative blood, blood typing is especially important, pregnancy, mother is found to have rh-negative blood, father should also be tested, father has rh-positive blood, mother needs to receive a treatment to help, prevent antibodies from forming, in the her serum, antibodies, harm a fetus, not treated, rh incompatibility, blood typing is also necessary, receiving any blood transfusion, forward typing, blood cells stick together, mixed, anti-a serum, have type a blood, blood cells stick together, mixed, anti-b serum, have type b blood, blood cells stick together, mixed, anti-a, anti-b serums, have type ab blood, blood cells, not stick together, either serum, have type o blood, blood cells stick together, mixed, anti-rh serum, have type rh-positive blood, blood, does not clot, mixed, anti-rh serum, have type rh-negative blood, reverse typing, blood cell stickiness that occurs, b cells, mixed, serum indicates have type a blood, blood cell stickiness that occurs, a cells, mixed, serum indicates have type b blood, blood cell stickiness that occurs, serum is mixed, types of cells indicates have type o blood, lack of blood cells sticking together, serum is mixed, types of blood indicates have type ab blood, transfusions, have type a blood, receive blood transfusions from people, types a, o blood, have type b blood, receive blood transfusions from people, types b, o blood, have type ab blood, receive blood transfusions from people, types a, b, ab, o blood, have type o blood, receive blood transfusions from people, type o blood only, have rh-positive blood, receive transfusions from people, types rh-positive, rh-negative blood, have rh-negative blood, receive transfusions from people, type rh-negative blood only, past transfusion reactions, sure to tell them, recent administration of blood products, no abnormal values, fainting, feeling light-headed, multiple punctures to locate veins, excessive bleeding, hematoma, blood accumulating under the skin, infection, a slight risk, the skin is broken, many antigens besides the major ones, a, b, rh, many minor antigens, not routinely detected, blood typing, allowed to go unrecognized, initiate a blood transfusion reaction, of less magnitude than that of a major blood group incompatibility, minor antigens, detected by cross-matching, consists of incubating the recipient's serum, the donor's red blood cells, rbcs, saline solution followed by the addition of coombs serum, coombs' test, indirect.