bronchoscopy, transbronchial biopsy…

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what the risks are bronchoscopy, bronchoscope, biopsy, lung, bronchoscopy, transbronchial biopsy, diagnostic procedure, a bronchoscope is inserted, the nose, mouth to collect multiple specimens of lung tissue, a lung specialist, pulmonologist, trained to perform a bronchoscopy sprays a topical, local anesthetic in mouth, throat, cause coughing at, cease, the anesthetic begins to work, area feels "thick", it is sufficiently numb, given an intravenous, iv, sedative to help relax, make sleepy, should reduce any anxiety might have, the procedure, performed, using general anesthesia, unconscious, pain-free, bronchoscopy is performed via the nose, an anesthetic jelly, inserted into one nostril, nostril is numb, scope, inserted, the nostril, it passes, the throat, trachea, bronchi, a flexible bronchoscope is used, tool, tube that is less than 1/2 inch wide, 2 feet long, the bronchoscope, examine the airways of lungs, samples of lung secretions obtained to send, laboratory analysis, saline fluid, flush the area, to collect cells, analyzed by a pathologist, transbronchial biopsy procedure is performed, using a tiny forceps passed, a channel, the bronchoscope into lungs, instructed to breathe out slowly, the pulmonologist obtains a small sample of lung tissue, step, repeated, several samples of tissue have been obtained, analysis, occasionally real-time chest x-rays, fluoroscopy, bronchoscopy to help direct the forceps, desired area of lung, this test, require an overnight stay, in the hospital, must sign an informed consent form, fasting, 6 to 12 hours, advised to avoid aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, nsaids, ibuprofen, the procedure, always check, changing, discontinuing any medications, arrange, transportation to, hospital, want to rest the following day, make arrangements, work, child care, obligations, infants, children, test depends on child's age, level of trust, prepare child, infant test, procedure preparation, birth to 1 year, toddler test, procedure preparation, 1 to 3 years, preschooler test, procedure preparation, 3 to 6 years, schoolage test, procedure preparation, 6 to 12 years, adolescent test, procedure preparation, 12 to 18 years, local anesthesia, relax throat muscles, feel fluid running down the back, the throat, feel need to cough, gag, anesthetic takes effect, despite the anesthesia, have sensations of pressure, mild tugging, the tube moves, the trachea, experience a feeling of suffocation, the tube, in the throat, no risk of suffocation, try to remain calm, cough, anesthetic, added, an x-ray, bronchoscope is removed, anesthetic wears off, throat scratchy, several days, cough reflex, return in 1 to 2 hours, normal eating, drinking is allowed, common after a transbronchial biopsy to cough up small amounts of blood-tinged sputum, pulmonologist, give instructions on whom to contact should cough up significant amounts of blood, a transbronchial biopsy, often performed, is diffuse infiltrative pulmonary disease, tumors, rejection of a transplanted lung, severe illness that prevents the use of open lung biopsy trachea, bronchi, appear pink, smooth, have minimal secretions, no foreign bodies, growths, obstructions, infections, sample obtained, a transbronchial biopsy, normal tissue, lining, the bronchus, air sacs, alveoli, bronchial abnormalities, tumors, endobronchial mass, adenoma, tumor, infection, aspergillosis, coccidiomycosis, actinomycosis, fungus infections, histoplasmosis infections, anaerobic bacterial infections, tuberculosis, mycobacteria, cmv pneumonia, pcp, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, inflammation, the lungs related to allergy-type reactions, rheumatoid lung disease, vasculitis, alveolar abnormalities alveolar proteinosis, granulomas, non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, necrotizing granuloma, granular tumor, caseating granulomas, sarcoidosis, peribronchial granulomas, pneumothorax occurs in, 2% of transbronchial biopsies, this is followed, repeated chest x-rays, the pneumothorax is large, require insertion of a chest tube to decompress the lung, whenever a biopsy is taken, risk of hemorrhage, bleeding is common, a technician, a nurse, monitor the amount, bleeding, lung infection, occur after any bronchoscopy, a small risk of, disordered heart rhythm, arrhythmias, heart attack, low blood oxygen, hypoxemia, general anesthesia is used, risk of, nausea, vomiting, sore throat, muscle pain, breathing difficulties, depressed heart rate, change in blood pressure, kidney damage, significant risk of choking, water, ingested, the anesthetic wears off, to test whether gag reflex has returned, place a spoon on the back of tongue, few seconds, light pressure, not gag, wait 15 minutes, try again, not use small, sharp objects to test gag reflex, go to an emergency room, have shortness of breath, chest pain after this procedure.