bun…

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what the risks are blood urea nitrogen, bun, blood urea nitrogen, test that measures the amount, urea nitrogen, a breakdown product of protein metabolism, blood, blood is drawn, a vein, the elbow, the hand, puncture site is cleaned, antiseptic, a tourniquet, around the upper arm to apply pressure, restrict blood flow, the vein, veins below the tourniquet to fill, blood, a needle is inserted, vein, blood is collected in an air-tight vial, a syringe, tourniquet is removed, restore circulation, once the blood has been collected, needle is removed, puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding, infant, young child, area is cleaned, antiseptic, punctured, a sharp needle, a lancet, blood collected, pipette, small glass tube, on a slide, onto a test strip, into a small container, a bandage applied, puncture site, any continued bleeding, no special preparations, infants, children, procedure depends on child's age, level of trust, prepare child, infant test, procedure preparation, birth to 1 year, toddler test, procedure preparation, 1 to 3 years, preschooler test, procedure preparation, 3 to 6 years, schoolage test, procedure preparation, 6 to 12 years, adolescent test, procedure preparation, 12 to 18 years, the needle is inserted to draw blood, feel moderate pain, others feel only a prick, stinging sensation, some throbbing, bun test, somewhat routine test used primarily to evaluate renal, kidney, function, performed on patients, many different diseases, urea is formed, in the liver, the end product of protein metabolism, digestion, protein is broken down to amino acids, amino acids contain nitrogen, is removed, nh4+, ammonium ion, rest, the molecule, produce energy, substances needed by the cell, ammonia is combined, small molecules to produce urea, urea makes its way, blood, ultimately eliminated, in the urine by the kidneys, most renal diseases affect urea excretion so that bun levels increase, in the blood, patients, dehydration, bleeding, stomach, intestines, have abnormal bun levels, numerous drugs also affect bun by competing, elimination by the kidneys, 7, 20 mg/dl, note that normal values, vary among different laboratories, greater-than-normal levels, congestive heart failure, excessive protein catabolism, due to starvation, excessive protein ingestion, gastrointestinal bleeding, hypovolemia, due to burns, dehydration, myocardial infarction, heart attack, renal disease, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, acute tubular necrosis, renal failure, shock, urinary tract obstruction, tumor, stones, prostatic hypertrophy, lower-than-normal levels, liver failure, low protein diet, malnutrition, over-hydration, additional conditions under which the test performed, acute nephritic syndrome, alport syndrome, atheroembolic renal disease, chronic renal failure, complicated uti, pyelonephritis, dementia, due to metabolic causes, diabetic nephropathy/sclerosis, digitalis toxicity, end-stage renal disease, epilepsy, generalized tonic-clonic seizure, goodpasture's syndrome, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, hus, hepatorenal syndrome, igm mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, lupus nephritis, malignant hypertension, arteriolar nephrosclerosis, medullary cystic disease, membranoproliferative gn i, membranoproliferative gn ii, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, niddm, prerenal azotemia, primary amyloid, rapidly progressive, crescentic, glomerulonephritis, secondary systemic amyloid, wilms' tumor, excessive bleeding, fainting, feeling light-headed, hematoma, blood accumulating under the skin, infection, a slight risk, the skin is broken, multiple punctures to locate veins, liver disease, bun level low kidneys, drugs affect bun levels, having this test, make sure the health care provider knows which medications, drugs, increase bun measurements include allopurinol, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, chloral hydrate, cisplatin, furosemide, guanethidine, indomethacin, methotrexate, methyldopa, nephrotoxic drugs, high-dose aspirin, amphotericin b, bacitracin, carbamazepine. colistin, gentamicin, methicillin, neomycin, penicillamine, polymyxin b, probenecid, vancomycin, propranolol, rifampin, spironolactone, tetracyclines, thiazide diuretics, triamterene, drugs, decrease bun measurements include chloramphenicol, streptomycin, veins, arteries vary in size, obtaining a blood sample.