c4 level…

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what the risks are c4, c4 level, test that measures the concentration of a component, the complement system, in the blood, blood is drawn, a vein, on the inside, the elbow, the hand, puncture site is cleaned, antiseptic, an elastic band, around the upper arm to apply pressure, restrict blood flow, the vein, veins below the band to fill, blood, a needle is inserted, vein, blood is collected in an air-tight vial, a syringe, band is removed, restore blood circulation, once the blood has been collected, needle is removed, puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding, sample is then sent, quantity of c4 is measured, no special preparations, the needle is inserted to draw blood, feel moderate pain, others feel only a prick, stinging sensation, some throbbing, child, have this test performed it helpful to explain how the test, practice, demonstrate on a doll, familiar child, what, happen to them, purpose, the procedure, less anxiety, complement activity, ch50, ch100, terminal complement component, individual complement proteins, measured, complement is involved, in the development of a disease, complement activity is also measured to monitor how severe a disease, treatment is working, patients, active systemic lupus erythematosus, have lower-than-normal levels of c3, c4, component levels monitored, a rough index of disease activity, males, 12 to 72 mg/dl, 120 to 720 mg/l, females, 13 to 75 mg/dl, 130 to 750 mg/l, mg/dl = milligrams per deciliter increased complement activity seen in, cancer, ulcerative colitis, decreased complement activity seen in, hereditary angioedema, bacterial infections, neisseria, cirrhosis, glomerulonephritis, hepatitis, lupus nephritis, malnutrition, kidney transplant rejection, systemic lupus erythematosus, excessive bleeding, fainting, feeling light-headed, hematoma, blood accumulating under the skin, infection, a slight risk, the skin is broken, multiple punctures to locate veins, complement, group of proteins, in the blood that facilitate immunological, inflammatory responses, "complement cascade", reactions that take place, in the blood, 9 major components of complement, labeled c1, c9, cascade, started in several ways, by antigen-antibody complexes, end-product, the cascade, "membrane attack unit", terminal complement component, creates holes, in the membrane, surface, attacking bacteria, thereby killing them, ch50, ch100, the activity, the complement system, a number of side products, the complement cascade that attract white blood cells, increase the efficiency of certain types of white blood cells to engulf, destroy bacteria, bacteria don't need antibodies to set off the complement cascade, exposed to fresh blood serum, complement is activated, "alternative pathway", c3, the major components, the complement cascade, binds, attaches, bacteria directly to eliminate them, bound c3, modified form of c3, forms a stable unit, members, the complement cascade to form the membrane attack unit, tests, more specific, the suspected disease, performed first.