csf chemistry…

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what the risks are --> csf chemistry, chemistry, csf, analysis of cerebral spinal fluid, csf, csf bathes, cushions, protects the brain, spinal cord, flows around the skull, spine, in the subarachnoid space, area immediately surrounding the brain, spinal cord, csf chemistry test identifies chemicals proteins, glucose levels, diagnose certain disorders, a lumbar puncture, spinal tap, common means of csf collection, generally, positioned on side, knees curled up to abdomen, chin tucked in to chest, local anesthetic is injected over the lower spine, spinal needle is inserted, between the 3rd, 4th lumbar vertebrae, fluid is withdrawn, testing, remain flat, nearly flat, 6 to 8 hours, alternative methods of obtaining csf, rarely used, problem lumbar deformity, infection, would make lumbar puncture impossible, unreliable, cisternal puncture involves insertion of a needle below the occipital bone, the skull, hazardous, the needle is inserted close, brain stem, ventricular puncture is more rare, sampling of csf is necessary, impending brain herniation, performed, in the operating room, a hole is drilled, in the skull, a needle is inserted, lateral ventricle, the brain, csf is then sent, evaluation, be prepared to sign a consent form, to remain, in the hospital, at least 6 to 8 hours, infants, children, test depends on child's age, prepare child, infant test, procedure preparation, birth to 1 year, toddler test, procedure preparation, 1 to 3 years, preschooler test, procedure preparation, 3 to 6 years, schoolage test, procedure preparation, 6 to 12 years, adolescent test, procedure preparation, 12 to 18 years, curled position uncomfortable but is necessary to avoid moving the needle, possibly injuring the spinal cord, anesthetic, sting, burn, first injected, a hard pressure sensation, the needle is inserted, some brief pain, the needle goes, the meninges, csf collection, discomfort is minimal to moderate, entire procedure, takes, 30 minutes, actual fluid collection only takes a few minutes, this test is performed to evaluate the following, csf cell count, csf culture, csf total protein, csf glucose, csf vdrl test, syphilis serology, csf coccidioides complement fixation, fungus, csf oligoclonal banding, immunofixation, glutamine, lactate dehydrogenase, chloride, cytology , cell count, less than 5 white blood cells, wbc, 0 red blood cells, rbc, culture, sensitivity, no organism growth, protein, 15 to 45 mg/dl, glucose, 50 to 80 mg/100 ml, serology, syphilis, no presence of antibodies, fungus, no presence of fungus, immunofixation, 0 bandings, glutamine, 6 to 15 mg/dl, lactate dehydrogenase, less than 2.0 to 7.2 u/ml, chloride, 700 to 750 mg/dl, cytology, no malignant cells present, abnormal glutamine results, indicate hepatic encephalopathy, reye's syndrome, elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, indicate inflammation, infection, decreased glucose, suggest meningitis, due to bacteria, fungus, tuberculosis, increased white blood cells, indicate an infection, another inflammatory process, more information on abnormal values, specific test, risks of lumbar puncture, hypersensitivity, allergic, reaction, anesthetic, discomfort, headache, bleeding, spinal canal, brain herniation, performed on a person, increased intracranial pressure, cause brain damage, death, spinal cord, nerve roots, particularly person moves, infection following a nonsterile procedure, cisternal puncture, ventricular puncture carry additional risk of damage, brainstem, brain tissue, risk of bleeding, the brain, potentially resulting in incapacitation, death.