dialysis…

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what the risks are kidney anatomy, kidney, blood, urine flow, artificial kidneys, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, renal replacement therapy, dialysis, method of removing toxic substances, impurities, wastes, blood, the kidneys, unable to, dialysis, frequently used, patients, kidney failure, quickly remove drugs, poisons in acute situations, technique, life saving, acute, chronic kidney failure dialysis, performed, using several different methods, peritoneal dialysis, peritoneal dialysis works by using the body's peritoneal membrane, is inside the abdomen, a semi-permeable membrane, special solutions that help remove toxins, infused in, remain, in the abdomen, drained out, form of dialysis, performed at home, on a continuous, everyday basis, hemodialysis, hemodialysis works by circulating the blood, special filters, blood flows across a semi-permeable membrane, dialyzer, filter, solutions that help remove toxins, hemodialysis, a blood flow of 400 to 500 milliliters per minute, ml/min, a normal iv tube in an arm, leg, not support that volume of blood flow, special forms of accessing circulatory system, therefore required, access, temporary, permanent, temporary access takes the form of dialysis catheters, large-bore catheters placed in large veins, support acceptable blood flows, most catheters, used in emergency situations, short periods of time, catheters, tunneled catheters, prolonged periods of time, weeks to months, permanent access is created by surgically joining an artery to a vein, allows the vein to receive blood at high pressure, thickening, the vein's wall, "arterialized vein", sustain repeated puncture, provides excellent blood flow rates, connection between an artery, a vein, made using blood vessels, an arteriovenous fistula, avf, a synthetic bridge, arteriovenous graft, avg, avf is more desirable, rates of infection, very low, quite durable, take many months, the avf to mature, careful planning, avg, accessed a few weeks after creation, provides good flows but has a high complication rate, attempted only avf is not feasible, blood is diverted, access to a dialysis machine, blood flows counter-current to a special solution, the dialysate, chemical imbalances, impurities, the blood, blood is then returned, most patients undergo hemodialysis, three sessions every week, each session lasts 3-4 hours, it is important to adhere, diet, medicines, prescribed by the dialysis staff, nephrologist, health care provider begins the hemodialysis procedure, following assessments, blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, breathing rate, weight, chest assessment, examination of venous access, dialysis takes several hours, become tedious, children, important to have games, something to read, distractions, this procedure removes contaminants, blood that could, eventually would, result in death kidney is not functioning, kidneys function, filters, the blood, removing products of amino acid breakdown, than, serve to reclaim, regulate body water, maintain electrolyte balance, ensure that the blood ph remains between 7.35, 7.45, the function, the kidney, life is not possible, dialysis serves to replace some, the functions, the kidney, dialysis is not a constant ongoing process, cannot serve, a constant monitor, normal functioning kidneys, eliminate waste products, restore electrolyte, ph levels on an, -needed basis, immediate risks, hypotension, infection, electrolyte imbalance, bleeding, access site, nausea, vomiting, cramps, dialyzer reaction, air embolism, cardiac ischemia, arrhythmia, long-term risks, dialysis-associated amyloidosis, dialysis dementia, uncommon now that aluminium levels, closely monitored, cardiovascular disease, autonomic neuropathy, blood loss iron deficiency, requiring regular iron replacement, take the following precautions, using an avf, avg, sleep, avoid placing pressure on an arm, the access, not allow anyone to take a blood pressure reading on an arm, the access, observe the access site after dialysis, watching, swelling, infection, bleeding, not wear tight clothing around the access site, routinely check the access site, the "thrill", indicating that the av site is still functioning, thrill disappears, not use creams, lotions over the access site, have an external access, take additional precautions, avoid physical activity that might dislodge the access, could result in, excessive bleeding, air entering the circulatory system, happens, get immediate medical attention, color, in the tubes changes color, becomes a dark red, blood clotting, call health care provider immediately, have a fever, sign of infection.