fractional excretion of sodium…

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what the risks are male urinary system, fe sodium, fena, fractional excretion of sodium, fena, the fraction of sodium actually excreted by body relative, amount filtered by the kidney, fena is not a test, rather a calculation, the concentrations of sodium, creatinine in blood, urine, urine, serum chemistry tests, necessary to perform this calculation, samples of blood, urine, taken simultaneously, analyzed, sodium, creatinine levels, urine collection, collect a "clean-catch", midstream, urine sample, obtain a clean-catch sample, men, boys should wipe clean the head, the penis, women, girls need to wash the area between the lips, the vagina, soapy water, rinse well, start to urinate, allow a small amount to fall, toilet bowl, clears the urethra of contaminants, clean container, catch, 1 to 2 ounces of urine, remove the container, urine stream, give the container, assistant, infants, thoroughly wash the area around the urethra, open a urine collection bag, a plastic bag, an adhesive paper on one end, place it on infant, males, entire penis, in the bag, adhesive attached, skin, females, bag, over the labia, place a diaper over the infant, bag, check baby frequently, remove the bag, infant has urinated into it, active infants, take a couple of attempts, lively infants, displace the bag, causing an inability, obtain the specimen, urine is drained into a container, transport back, blood collection, blood is drawn, a vein, the elbow, the hand, puncture site is cleaned, antiseptic, an elastic band, blood pressure cuff, around the upper arm to cause the veins to swell, blood, a needle is inserted, vein, blood is collected in an air-tight vial, a syringe, band is removed, restore circulation, once the blood has been collected, needle is removed, puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding, in infants, young children, area is cleansed, antiseptic, punctured, a sharp needle, a lancet, blood collected, pipette, small glass tube, on a slide, onto a test strip, into a small container, cotton, a bandage applied, puncture site, any continued bleeding, consume a normal diet, a normal amount, salt, infants, children, test depends on child's age, level of trust, prepare child, infant test, procedure preparation, birth to 1 year, toddler test, procedure preparation, 1 to 3 years, preschooler test, procedure preparation, 3 to 6 years, schoolage test, procedure preparation, 6 to 12 years, adolescent test, procedure preparation, 12 to 18 years, collection is taken, infant, a couple of extra collection bags necessary, the needle is inserted to draw blood, feel moderate pain, others feel only a prick, stinging sensation, some throbbing, test, severely ill, acute kidney failure a meaningful interpretation, urine volume has dropped to less than 500 ml/day, test helps answer the question, drop in urine, reduced blood flow, kidney, in dehydration, bleeding, low blood pressure, due to kidney damage, a fena of less than 1% indicates decreased blood flow, kidney a fena greater than 1%, greater than 3%, suggests kidney damage, urine sample has no risk, risks of drawing blood, excessive bleeding, fainting, feeling light-headed, hematoma, blood accumulating under the skin, infection, a slight risk, the skin is broken, multiple punctures to locate veins, test is only of value in specific circumstances, sudden reduced urine output, use of diuretic medicines, performing the tests, give misleading results.