laparoscopy…

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what the risks are pelvic laparoscopy, laparoscopy describes a group of operations performed, the aid of a camera placed, in the abdomen, the laparascope was first combined, a video camera, in the 1980s, an accomplishment that helped free up the surgeons' hands, they could better work, instruments, laparoscope also allows doctors to perform minor surgery, a small cut, in the abdomen, technique is known, laparoscopic-assisted surgery, initially, laparoscopy was used, procedures tubal ligation, a sterilization operation also known, tying the tubes, first laparoscopic gallbladder removal was performed in 1985 in france, the technique was, remove the appendix, exploratory laparoscopy is used after abdominal injury, in cases of abdominal, pelvic illness, surgeons use laparoscopic-assisted surgery to remove the colon, kidney, live donor transplants, weight-reducing procedures gastric bypass, vertical banding gastroplasty, vbg, done laparoscopically, surgeons, start large operations on the liver, pancreas, laparoscopy to check, additional tumors, in the hospital under general anesthesia, a catheter, a small flexible tube, inserted, the urethra, bladder, an additional tube passed, the nostril, stomach, ng tube, skin, the abdomen is cleaned, sterile drapes, applied, after a small cut is made, below the bellybutton, navel, a tube is inserted, a tiny video camera passes, the tube, carbon dioxide gas is injected, abdomen to lift the abdominal wall, making a larger space to work in, allows, easier viewing and moving, the organs, laparoscope is then inserted, organs, the pelvis, abdomen, examined, additional small openings, instruments that let the surgeon to move, stitch, staple structures, operation, after the examination, laparoscope is removed, all openings, stitched closed, bandages, applied, depending on the operation performed, a tube left, one of the cuts to let fluids drain, cannot have any food, fluid, 8 hours, must sign a consent form, general anesthesia, feel no pain, stitched cuts, throb, slightly painful afterward, give a pain reliever, local anesthesia, feel a prick, a burning sensation, the anesthetic is given, pain, occur at the operation site, the stitched cuts may throb, slightly painful, a pain reliever, be given by doctor, experience shoulder pain, the gas, irritate the diaphragm, large muscle, top, the belly, the nerves, in the diaphragm also go, shoulder, experience an increased urge to urinate, the gas, put pressure on the bladder, not be able to drink liquids, eat solid foods, doctor tells it is safe to, laparocopic operations, the same reasons that open, laparotomy, abnormal results depend on the operation, risk of puncturing an organ, could cause leakage of intestinal contents, bleeding, abdominal cavity, often happens, the doctor switches from laparoscopy to an open surgical procedure, severe injury, infection, blood transfusion, ability to have laparoscopic surgery may be limited by previous abdominal surgery, surgery makes scars form, prevents the safe passage of the instruments, abdomen, it may, prevent the abdominal wall from being properly lifted by the gas, complex laparoscopic operations, patients should consult, doctor to find the best center, the specific operation, townsend cm, beauchamp rd, evers bm, mattox kl, sabiston textbook of surgery, 17th ed, wb saunders, 445-464.