percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram, ptca…

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what the risks are gallstones, cholangiogram, gallbladder anatomy, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram, ptca, type of x-ray examination, the bile ducts inside, outside the liver, performed after a contrast medium is injected directly into a liver bile duct, test is performed, radiology department by a radiologist, lie on back on the x-ray table, upper right side, the abdomen is cleansed, a local anesthetic is given, a long, thin, flexible needle is then inserted, the skin, liver, guidance, fluoroscope, an x-ray machine that projects images onto a tv screen, bile duct is located, contrast medium injected, contrast medium then flows, the ducts, seen on the fluoroscopic monitor, inform the health care provider, pregnant, given a hospital gown to wear, remove all jewelry, infants, children, test depends on child's age, prepare child, infant test, procedure preparation, birth to 1 year, toddler test, procedure preparation, 1 to 3 years, preschooler test, procedure preparation, 3 to 6 years, schoolage test, procedure preparation, 6 to 12 years, adolescent test, procedure preparation, 12 to 18 years, a sting, the anesthetic is given, discomfort, the needle is advanced, liver, given medication, sedation, pain control, generally, an x-ray causes, no discomfort, bile, by-product of protein metabolism, created, in the liver, excreted, intestines via the bile ducts, bile cannot be removed, collects, in the blood, a yellow discoloration, the skin, eyes, jaundice, pancreas creates digestive fluids which drain via a common bile duct, intestine, obstruction, prevent the drainage, the fluids, pancreatitis, inflammation, the pancreas, ptca, distinguish between obstructive, non-obstructive causes, jaundice, pancreatitis, obstruction, bile ducts, normal in size, appearance, the age, the patient, results, ducts, dilated, indicate there, obstruction, obstruction, infection, scarring, stones, cancer, in the bile ducts, liver, pancreas, region, the gallbladder, biliary obstruction, cholangitis, slight chance of an allergic reaction, contrast medium, iodine, slight chance of, excessive blood loss, blood poisoning, sepsis, inflammation, the bile ducts, ercp, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, an invasive procedure performed by gastroenterologists to visualize the bile ducts, to remove obstructing stones, a diagnostic ercp cannot be performed, has failed, ptca performed, mrcp, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, newer, noninvasive imaging method, mri, provides similar views, the biliary ducts in multiple planes.