placenta abruptio…

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cesarean section, ultrasound in pregnancy, anatomy of a normal placenta, placenta, ultrasound, normal placenta, braxton hicks, ultrasound, normal fetus, arms, legs, ultrasound, normal relaxed placenta, ultrasound, color, normal umbilical cord, placenta, premature separation of placenta, accidental hemorrhage, ablatio placentae, abruptio placentae, placental abruption, placenta abruptio is separation, the placenta, organ that nourishes the fetus, site of uterine implantation, delivery, the fetus, frequently difficult, the exact causes, placenta abruptio, definable, direct causes, result in placenta abruptio, quite rare, 1 to 5%, mechanical factors abdominal trauma, auto accident, fall, sudden loss in uterine volume, occurs, rapid loss of amniotic fluid, delivery of a first twin, an abnormally short umbilical cord, only a problem, time of delivery, risk factors, a placenta abruptio, previous pregnancy, after one prior episode, 10 to 17% recurrence, after two previous episodes the chance of recurrence exceeds 20%, high blood pressure, pregnancy is associated, a placenta abruptio rate of 2.5 to 17.9%, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, 50% of placenta abruptio cases severe enough to cause fetal death, hypertension, risk factors include increased maternal age, increased number of prior deliveries, increased uterine distention, multiple pregnancies, abnormally large volume of amniotic fluid, diabetes, in the pregnant woman, cigarette smoking, cocaine abuse, drinking more than 14 alcoholic drinks per week, pregnancy, incidence of placenta abruptio, amount, placental separation, prior to delivery, 1 out of 150 deliveries, severe form, results in fetal death, occurs only in, 1 out of 500 to 750 deliveries, vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, back pain, a physical examination, uterine tenderness, increased uterine tone noticed, bleeding, pregnancy visible, concealed, a cbc, note decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets, prothrombin time test, partial thromboplastin time test, fibrinogen level test, abdominal ultrasound, treatment includes iv, intravenous, fluid replacement, blood transfusion, careful monitoring, the mother, symptoms of shock, signs of fetal distress, fetal heart rate too high, too low, abnormal fetal heart rate changes in relation to contractions, an emergency cesarean section necessary, fetal distress, maternal bleeding, event of an immature fetus, evidence of only a small placental separation, mother hospitalized, observation, released after several days, no evidence of progressing abruptio occurs, fetus is mature, vaginal delivery chosen, maternal, fetal distress is minimal, a cesarean section the preferred choice to protect the mother, child, mother, does not, die from this condition, maternal death rates in various parts, the world range from 0.5-5%, early diagnosis, adequate treatment should decrease the maternal death rate further, fetal death rates range from 20-35%, upon hospital admission, no fetal heart tone is detectable in, 15% of cases, fetal distress appears early, in the condition in approximately 50% of cases, infants who live have a 40-50% chance of complications, range from mild to severe, concealed vaginal bleeding in pregnancy, excessive loss of blood resulting in shock, absence of labor, a closed cervix, delayed diagnosis, increase the risk of maternal, fetal death, excessive loss of blood, lead to shock, fetal, maternal death, site of placental attachment starts to hemorrhage, delivery, loss of blood cannot be, controlled by other means, a hysterectomy, removal, the uterus, become necessary, pregnant, symptoms of placenta abruptio develop, rapidly, become an emergency condition that threatens both the mother, baby, avoid drinking, smoking, using other drugs, pregnancy, get early, continuous prenatal care, early recognition, proper management of conditions, in the mother diabetes, high blood pressure also decrease the risk of placenta abruptio.