portacaval shunt…

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heart, section, the middle, a portacaval shunt, high blood pressure, in the liver, a connection is made between the portal vein, supplies 75%, the liver's blood, inferior vena cava, vein that drains blood, lower two-thirds, most common causes, liver disease resulting in portal hypertension, cirrhosis, alcohol abuse, viral hepatitis, hepatitis b, c, less common causes, diseases hemochromatosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, pbc, portal vein thrombosis, patients, portal hypertension, have varices, swellings of veins near the esophagus, rectum, backup of blood, in the diseased liver, varices, bleed, vomiting of blood, blood discharge, rectum, patients, have enlarged veins on the surface, the abdominal wall, liver diseases involving portal hypertension often also cause jaundice, a yellow tinge, skin, eyeballs, ascites, accumulation of fluid, in the abdomen, stopping bleeding, due to an inability, the diseased liver to make clotting factors, the liver fails to clear toxins, patients, suffer from hepatic encephalopathy, a disorder where concentration, mental status, memory, in extreme cases, encephalopathy, lead to coma, many different laboratory tests, the presence, liver disease, liver function tests abnormal, blood tests, detect, viral hepatitis, percutaneous liver biopsy, help diagnose liver disease, endoscopy, diagnosis esophageal varices, hemochromatosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis diagnosed, of laboratory blood tests, physical exam, portacaval shunting, major operation, requiring an abdominal incision, blood flow is diverted around the liver, by creating a connection between the portal vein, inferior vena cava, reduces pressure, in the veins draining the liver, decreasing the dilation of variceal veins, in the esophagus, prone to rupture, bleeding, portocaval shunting has largely been abandoned, the advent of tips, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting, does not involve an incision, a catheter, into a large vein, in the neck, a shunt is deployed, in the veins draining the liver, diverting blood flow around the diseased liver, portacaval shunting, reserved, patients, failed tips, patients, liver disease have a greatly increased risk of complications after surgery, bleeding, encephalopathy, liver failure, risks associated, surgery in such patients, significant, portacaval shunting, a procedure, prolong life, patients, chronic progressive liver disease who, good candidates, evaluated, liver transplant, complications from this procedure include bleeding, worsening of encephalopathy, liver failure, call doctor, experience any, the signs of liver disease, jaundice, changes in mental status, bleeding, cessation of alcohol intake is important, all patients, liver disease, regardless, avoiding blood product contamination, transfusion, intravenous drug use, shared needles, high-risk sexual behavior, prevent the spread of viral hepatitis.