 prostate cancer…
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male reproductive anatomy, male urinary tract, bph, prostate cancer, psa blood test, prostatectomy, turp, cancer, prostate, prostate cancer, malignant tumor growth, the prostate gland, prostate cancer, some studies have shown a relationship between high dietary fat intake, increased testosterone levels, testosterone levels, lowered either by surgical removal, the testicles, castration, orchiectomy, by medication, prostate cancer, regress, no known association, benign prostatic hyperplasia, bph, prostate cancer, third most common cause of death from cancer in men of all ages, common cause of death from cancer in men over 75 years old, prostate cancer is rarely found in men younger than 40, men at higher risk include black men older than 60, farmers, tire plant workers, painters, men exposed to cadmium, lowest incidence occurs in japanese men, vegetarians, prostate cancers, staged, aggressiveness, how different they, surrounding prostate tissue, several different ways to stage tumors, a common one the a-b-c-d staging system, the whitmore-jewett system, a, tumor is not palpable, not felt on physical examination, detected by accident after prostate surgery done, reasons, b, tumor is confined, prostate, detected by physical examination, psa testing, c, tumor extends beyond the prostate capsule, spread to lymph nodes, d, cancer has spread, metastasized, to regional lymph nodes, parts, bone, lungs, system also contains several substages, the advent of psa testing, most prostate cancers, found, they cause symptoms, additionally, the symptoms listed below, associated, prostate cancer, more likely to be associated, non-cancerous conditions, urinary hesitancy, delayed, slowed start of urinary stream, urinary dribbling, immediately after urinating, urinary retention, pain, urination, pain, ejaculation, lower back pain, pain, bowel movement, additional symptoms that associated, excessive urination at night, incontinence, bone pain, tenderness, hematuria, blood, in the urine, abdominal pain, anemia, unintentional weight loss, lethargy, a rectal exam often reveals the hard, irregular surface of an enlarged prostate, testing considerations, psa, prostate specific antigen, a blood test, elevated, other conditions bph, cause the psa to rise, free psa more specific in differentiating bph from prostate cancer, urinalysis, reveal blood, in the urine, urine, prostatic fluid cytology, reveal atypical cells, a prostate biopsy confirms the diagnosis, ct scans performed to rule out metastasis, spread, the cancer, a bone scan performed to rule out metastasis, chest x-ray performed to rule out metastasis, a newer test, amacr is more sensitive, determining, prostate cancer than the psa test, soon be more widely, diagnose disease, appropriate treatment of prostate cancer, treatment options, the stage, the tumor, early stages, surgical removal, the prostate, prostatectomy, radiation therapy, eradicate the tumor, metastatic cancer, the prostate treated by hormonal manipulation, reducing the levels of testosterone by drugs, removal, the testes, chemotherapy, surgery, surgical treatment, only recommended after thorough evaluation, discussion of treatment options, a man considering surgery, aware, the expected benefit, the procedure, its potential risks, removal of prostate gland, radical prostatectomy, treatment of localized stage a, b prostate cancers, lengthy procedure, performed, spinal anesthesia, an incision is made, the abdomen, perineal area, remain, in the hospital, 5 to 7 days, complications include impotence, urinary incontinence, nerve-sparing procedures, reduce the risk of these complications, surgery, performed by a urologist, extensive experience doing this specific procedure, orchiectomy alters hormone production, metastatic cancer, some bruising, swelling initially after surgery, gradually subside, loss of testosterone, hormone, production, lead to problems, sexual function, osteoporosis, thinning, the bones, loss of muscle mass, radiation therapy, radiation therapy is used primarily to treat prostate cancers classified, stages a, b, c, whether radiation, prostate removal, debatable topic, decision, to choose, difficult, in patients whose health makes the risk of surgery unacceptably high, radiation therapy, the preferred alternative, radiation therapy, prostate gland performed, number of ways, external beam radiation therapy is performed, radiation oncology center by specially trained radiation oncologists, on an outpatient basis, prior to treatment, a therapist, mark the location, radiated, a special semi-permanent marking pen, radiation is delivered, prostate gland using a device that resembles a normal x-ray machine, painless, several side effects associated, radiation therapy, loss of appetite, fatigue, skin reactions redness, irritation, rectal burning, injury, diarrhea, cystitis, inflamed bladder, blood in urine, external beam radiation therapy, performed 5 days a week, 8 weeks, another method consists of implanting small pellets of radioactive iodine, gold, iridium, prostate tissue, a small incision, advantage of this form of radiation therapy, the radiation is directed, prostate, less damage, surrounding tissues, radiation is sometimes used, pain relief, cancer has spread, bone, medications, hormonal manipulation aims at lowering testosterone levels, prostate tumors, require testosterone, reducing the testosterone level, very effective in preventing further growth, spread, the cancer, done either, surgical removal, the testes, by using medications, hormone manipulation is mainly, relieve symptoms in men whose cancer has spread, preliminary evidence suggests that it, improve cure rates, combined, radiation, surgery, still under investigation, synthetic drugs, lupron, zoladex that mimic the function, lhrh, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, used increasingly to treat advanced prostate cancer, medications suppress testostorone production, chemical castration, has the same result, surgical removal, the testes, it is reversible, unlike surgery, drugs must be given by injection, every 3 months, side effects include nausea, vomiting, hot flashes, anemia, lethargy, osteoporosis, reduced sexual desire, erectile dysfunction, impotence, medications used, hormonal therapy include androgen-blocking agents, flutamide, prevent testosterone from attaching to prostate cells, side effects include erectile dysfunction, loss of sexual desire, liver problems, diarrhea, enlarged breasts, chemotherapy, treat prostate cancers, resistant to hormonal treatments, an oncology specialist, recommend a single drug, of drugs aimed at destroying the cancer cells, medications that, treat prostate cancer, mitoxantrone, prednisone, paclitaxel, docetaxel, estramustine, adriamycin, most men receive chemotherapy, initial dose, on an outpatient basis at a clinic, physician's office, side effects, numerous, specific to a given chemotherapy drug, lifestyle changes, surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal manipulation all have the potential to disrupt sexual desire, performance on either a temporary, permanent basis, discuss concerns, additionally, several options, managing sexual problems related to prostate cancer treatment, monitoring, closely monitored, progression, the disease regardless, the type of treatment receive, monitoring, serial psa blood test, every 3 months to 1 year, bone scan, ct scan to evaluate, metastasis, complete blood count, cbc, to monitor, signs, symptoms of anemia, monitor, signs, symptoms indicating disease progression, fatigue, weight loss, increased pain, decreased bowel, bladder function, weakness,
stress of illness eased by joining a support group whose members share common experiences, support group, prostate cancer, primarily, the disease is found in older men who, variety of other complicating diseases, cardiac, respiratory disease, disabilities that immobilize, greatly decrease activities, impotence, potential complication after prostatectomy, radiation therapy, recent improvements in surgical procedures have made this complication occur less often, urinary incontinence is another possible complication, medications, have side effects, hot flashes, loss of sexual desire, an appointment, a man older than 50 who has, never been screened, prostate cancer, by rectal exam, psa level determination, not maintained annual evaluations, a family history of prostate cancer, should discuss the advantages, disadvantages to psa screening, physician, no preventive measures, adopting a vegetarian, low-fat diet, one that mimics the traditional japanese diet, lower risk, early identification, opposed to prevention, by yearly screening of men over 40, 50 years old, digital rectal examination, dre, psa blood test, debate, to whether psa testing, done in all men, several potential downsides to psa testing, first, elevated psas, not always mean a patient has prostate cancer, second, physicians, detecting, treating some very early-stage prostate cancers, never have caused the patient any harm, decision, whether to pursue a psa, a discussion between patient, physician, september is prostate cancer awareness month, in the us, several urology centers across the country hold screening clinics that provide free rectal exams, psa blood testing, hospital, medical center in area, information on its program, prostate cancer awareness, additional information obtained by contacting local chapter, the american cancer society.
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