secondary parkinsonism…

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central nervous system, parkinsonism, secondary, secondary parkinsonism, symptoms similar to parkinson's disease, medication side-effects, a different neurodegenerative disorder, another illness, parkinson's disease is one, the most common neurologic disorders, the elderly, term "parkinsonism", condition that causes, combination, the types of movement abnormalities seen in parkinson's disease by damaging, destroying dopamine neurons, certain area, the brain, secondary parkinsonism, disorders stroke, encephalitis, meningitis, neurodegenerative disorders progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, multiple systems atrophy, damage the dopamine neurons, produce this condition, medications, antipsychotics haloperidol, metoclopramide, phenothiazine medications, another common cause of secondary parkinsonism, less frequently, exposure to overdoses of narcotics, brain damage, anesthesia agents, surgery, exposure to toxins, carbon monoxide poisoning, cause secondary parkinsonism, they damage the brain area that contains the dopamine neurons, have been clusters of cases among intravenous drug users who injected a substance, mptp, byproduct of an improper technique, synthesizing a form of synthetic heroin, fentanyl derivative, rare, have affected primarily long-term drug users, secondary parkinsonism, medications, antipsychotics, reversible, toxins, infections, drug-related brain damage, certain other disorders it, not be reversible, symptoms of parkinsonism, stiffness, the trunk, arms, legs, a decrease in facial expression, soft voice, tremor, forms of paralysis, certain problems, control of movement, cognitive dysfunction is not a major feature of parkinson's disease, more prominent in secondary parkinsonism, the diseases that cause secondary parkinsonism more commonly also result in dementia, initial symptoms mild, nonspecific, mild tremor, slight feeling that one leg/foot is stiff, dragging, muscle rigidity, stiffness, difficulty bending arms, legs, posture unstable, stooped, slumped over, movement difficulties, loss of balance, gait, walking pattern, changes, shuffling, slow movements, difficulty beginning to walk, difficulty initiating any voluntary movement, small steps followed by the need to run to maintain balance, freezing of movement, the movement is stopped, unable to resume movement, muscle aches, pains, myalgia, muscle cramps, dystonia, shaking, tremors, varying degrees, not be present, occur at rest, at any time, become severe enough to interfere, tired, excited, stressed, finger-thumb rubbing, pill rolling tremor, changes in facial expression, reduced ability to show facial expressions, "mask" appearance, staring, eye movement abnormality, difficulty moving eyes up, unable to close mouth, voice, speech changes, slow speaking, low pitched voice, monotone, difficulty speaking, difficulty chewing, swallowing, loss of fine motor skills, difficulty writing, illegible, difficulty eating, activity that, small movements, frequent falls, mild decline in intellectual function, depression, confusion, dementia, health care provider able to diagnose secondary parkinsonism, the patient's history, physical examination, symptoms difficult to, in the elderly, tremor, not appear, the person is sitting quietly, the arms, in the lap, posture changes similar to those, osteoporosis, changes associated, aging, lack of facial expression a sign of depression, examination, increased muscle tone, tremors, the parkinson's type, difficulty initiating, completing voluntary movements, reflexes, normal, specific, secondary parkinsonism but, confirm, rule out other disorders, similar symptoms, treatment is aimed controlling symptoms, no treatment required, a medication, benefits, the medication, weighed against the severity of symptoms, changed, they seem counterproductive, treatment of underlying conditions, stroke, infections, reduce symptoms, medications used, symptoms interfere, the ability to perform daily activities, dose, timing, combination, of medications, adjusted, symptoms change, the medications, treat this condition, cause severe side effects, monitoring, follow-up by the health care provider, secondary parkinsonism tend to be less responsive to medical therapy than parkinson's disease, medications, amantadine, anticholinergic medications, levodopa/carbidopa, dopamine agonists, additional medications include antihistamines, antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, others to help reduce symptoms, control the side effects of primary treatment medications, good general nutrition, health, exercise should continue, the level of activity adjusted to meet the changing energy levels, regular rest periods, avoidance of stress, tiredness, stress, make symptoms worse, physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, help promote function, independence, help maintain skills, positive attitude, minimize depression, simple aids railings, banisters placed in commonly used areas, the house, special eating utensils, devices of great benefit, person experiencing some difficulties, daily living activities, social work, counseling services, help in coping, the disorder, obtaining assistance, safety equipment, meals-on-wheels, volunteer services, assistance, emotional support, help in coping, the changes, the national parkinson's foundation, support groups, parkinson's disease, support group, depends on the cause, disorder, medications, potentially treatable, all other causes, not reversible, to a greater, lesser degree, progressive, disability, varying degrees, difficulty swallowing, eating, difficulty performing daily activities, injuries from falls, side effects of medications, debilitation, associated conditions, malnutrition, aspiration, deep vein thrombosis, symptoms of secondary parkinsonism develop, recur, progress, new symptoms appear, side effects of medications, involuntary movements, nausea/vomiting, dizziness, changes in alertness/behavior/mood, severe confusion, disorientation, delusional behavior, hallucinations, loss of mental functions, new symptoms that develop, information on potential side effects, the specific medication, discuss the situation, unable to care, the person at home, after initial treatment, treatment of conditions, secondary parkinsonism, decrease the risk of its development, medication use should only be under the supervision, the health care provider, conditions that, require long-term use of antipsychotics, schizophrenia, monitored to avoid development of irreversible secondary parkinsonism, newer antipsychotic medications, less likely to cause secondary parkinsonism.