serum sodium…

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what the risks are blood test, sodium, serum, na+, tests measures the amount, sodium, in the blood, blood is drawn, a vein, the elbow, the hand, puncture site is cleaned, antiseptic, a band, around the upper arm to apply pressure, restrict blood flow, the vein, veins below the band to swell, blood, a needle is inserted, vein, blood is collected in an air-tight vial, a syringe, band is removed, restore circulation, once the blood has been collected, needle is removed, puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding, in infants, young children, area is cleansed, antiseptic, punctured, a sharp needle, a lancet, blood collected, pipette, small glass tube, on a slide, onto a test strip, into a small container, cotton, a bandage applied, puncture site, any continued bleeding, health care provider, advise to withhold drugs, affect the test, special considerations, stop, change medication, the knowledge, direction of physician, in infants, children, test depends on child's age, previous experience, level of trust, prepare child, infant test, procedure preparation, birth to 1 year, toddler test, procedure preparation, 1 to 3 years, preschooler test, procedure preparation, 3 to 6 years, schoolage test, procedure preparation, 6 to 12 years, adolescent test, procedure preparation, 12 to 18 years, the needle is inserted to draw blood, feel moderate pain, others feel only a prick, stinging sensation, some throbbing, this test is performed, have symptoms of a sodium imbalance, develop disorders associated, abnormal sodium levels, sodium, major positive ion, in the fluids outside of cells, sodium level of blood, balance between the amount, sodium, in the food, drinks consume, amount kidneys excrete, a small percent is lost, the stool, sweat, many factors affect sodium levels, the hormone aldosterone, reduces sodium loss, in the urine, the aldosterone test, anp, atrial natriuretic protein, hormone secreted, heart that increases sodium loss, despite the tight relationship between sodium, water, body regulates them independant of each other, normal range is 135 to 145 meq/l, meq/l = milliequivalents per liter, greater-than-normal sodium levels, indicate many different conditions, to help determine the cause, physician, consider the amount, fluid in body, total body water, physician does this, physical exam by looking at things, turgor of skin, abnormal fluid buildup, in the ankles, feet, legs, fluid in body, total body water, have lost water, due to burns, excessive sweating, diarrhea, use of diuretics, furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide, total body water is normal, having a high sodium, indicate diabetes insipidus, total body water is high, indicate hyperaldosteronism, too, the hormone aldosterone, cushing's syndrome, too much of a hormone, cortisol, salt, sodium bicarbonate ingestion, lower-than-normal sodium levels also classified according to total body water, low total body water, indicate dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, over diuresis, ketonuria, excretion, loss of ketone bodies in urine, near-normal total body water, indicate siadh, hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid, addison's disease, low production of cortisol, hormones, an increase in total body water, indicate congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, kidney disease, cirrhosis, the liver, additional conditions, which the test performed, acute adrenal crisis, diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma, drug-induced hypothyroidism, hepatorenal syndrome, hypopituitarism possible risks from any blood test, excessive bleeding, fainting, feeling light-headed, hematoma, blood accumulating under the skin, infection, a slight risk, the skin is broken, multiple punctures to locate veins, following factors, interfere, recent trauma, surgery, shock, consuming large, small amounts of salt, fluid, intravenous fluids containing sodium, use of diuretics, certain other medications, drugs, increase sodium measurements include anabolic steroids, antibiotics, clonidine, corticosteroids, cough medications, laxatives, methyldopa, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics, birth control pills, drugs, reduce sodium measurements include carbamazepine, diuretics, sulfonylureas, triamterene, vasopressin, veins, arteries vary in size, obtaining a blood sample.