severe acute respiratory syndrome, sars…

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lungs, respiratory system, sars, severe acute respiratory syndrome, sars, serious form of pneumonia, resulting in acute respiratory distress, death, a dramatic example of how quickly world travel, spread a disease, an example of how quickly a networked health system, respond to an emerging threat, contagious respiratory infection was first described on feb, 26, sars was identified, a new disease by world health organization, physician dr, carlo urbani, he diagnosed it, 48-year-old businessman who had traveled, guangdong province of china, hong kong, to hanoi, vietnam, businessman died, illness, dr, urbani subsequently died from sars on march 29, age of 46, meantime, sars was spreading, 6 weeks of its discovery, had infected thousands of people around the world, people in asia, australia, europe, africa, north, south america, schools had closed throughout hong kong, singapore, national economies were affected, who had identified sars, a global health threat, issued an unprecedented travel advisory, daily who updates tracked the spread of sars sdays a week, wasn't clear whether sars would, become a global pandemic, would settle into a less aggressive pattern, global public health response helped to stem the spread, the virus, by june 2003, epidemic had subsided, degree that on june 7 the who backed off from its daily reports, the number of new cases dwindled, travel advisories began to be lifted, sober truth remained, every new case had the potential to spark another outbreak, sars appears to be here to stay, to have changed the way that the world responds to infectious diseases, in the era of widespread international travel, sars, a new member, the coronavirus family, same family, cause the common cold, discovery of these viral particles represents some, the fastest identification of a new organism in history, sars is clearly spread by droplet contact, someone, sars coughs, sneezes, infected droplets, sprayed, air, coronaviruses, sars virus, live on hands, tissues, surfaces, up to 6 hours in these droplets, up to 3 hours, droplets have dried, droplet transmission, close contact was responsible, the early cases of sars, evidence began to mount that sars might also spread by hands, objects the droplets had touched, airborne transmission was a real possibility live virus had been found, in the stool of people, sars, where it has been shown to live, up to four days, virus able to live, the temperature is below freezing, coronaviruses, re-infection is common, preliminary reports suggest that this, the case, sars, preliminary estimates, the incubation period, between 2 and 10 days, there have been documented cases, onset of illness was considerably faster, slower, active symptoms of illness, clearly contagious, not known how long contagiousness, symptoms appear, how long contagiousness might linger, symptoms have disappeared, reports of possible relapse in patients, been treated, released, hospital raise concerns, the length of time individuals, harbor the virus, hallmark symptoms, fever greater than 100.4 degrees f, 38.0 degrees c, cough, difficulty breathing, respiratory symptoms, symptoms found in more than half, the first 138 patients included, order of how commonly they appeared, fever, chills, shaking, muscle aches, cough, headache, less common symptoms, in order, dizziness, productive cough, sputum, sore throat, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hear abnormal lung sounds listening, chest, a stethoscope, in most people, sars, progressive chest x-ray changes, chest ct changes demonstrate, pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome, general tests used, in the diagnosis of sars might, a chest x-ray, chest ct scan, a complete blood count, cbc, white blood cell, wbc, count low, lymphocyte count low, platelet count low, blood clotting tests, blood chemistries, ldh levels, elevated, alt, cpk, elevated, sodium, potassium, attention was given early, in the outbreak to developing a quick, sensitive test, sars, specific tests, the sars virus include the pcr test, sars virus, antibody tests to sars, elisa, ifa, direct sars virus isolation, all current tests have some limitations, people suspected of having sars, evaluated immediately by a physician, hospitalized under isolation, they meet the definition of a suspected, probable case, antibiotics, given in an attempt to treat bacterial causes, atypical pneumonia, antiviral medications have also been used, high doses of steroids have been employed to reduce lung inflammation, serious cases, serum from people, already gotten well from sars, convalescent serum, has been given, evidence of general benefit of these treatments has been inconclusive, supportive care supplemental oxygen, chest physiotherapy, mechanical ventilation is sometimes needed, the first wave of sars began to subside, death rate proved to have been, 15 percent of those diagnosed, in people over age 65, death rate was higher than 50 percent, many more were sick, require mechanical ventilation, and more still were sick, require icu care, intensive public health policies, proving to be effective in controlling outbreaks, many nations have stopped the epidemic, own countries, all nations must be vigilant, to keep this disease under control, viruses, in the coronavirus family, ability to spawn new mutations, better spread among humans, respiratory failure, liver failure, heart failure, suspect you, someone have had close contact, has sars, minimizing contact, sars minimizes the risk, might include minimizing travel to locations where there, uncontrolled outbreak, where possible, direct contact, sars, avoided, at least 10 days, fever, gone, cdc has identified hand hygiene, the cornerstone of sars prevention, might include hand washing, cleaning hands, an alcohol-based instant hand sanitizer, taught to cover the mouth, nose, sneezing, coughing, respiratory secretions, considered to be infectious, no sharing of food, drink, utensils, commonly touched surfaces, cleaned, an epa approved disinfectant, situations, appropriate masks, goggles useful, preventing airborne, droplet spread, gloves might be used in handling potentially infectious secretions.