tension pneumothorax…

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pneumothorax, chest x-ray, respiratory system, chest tube insertion, pneumothorax, tension, a tension pneumothorax, complete collapse, the lung, occurs, air enters, does not leave, space around the lung, pleural space, a life-threatening emergency that, immediate treatment, pneumothorax, condition that leads to pneumothorax, cause a tension pneumothorax, in an uncomplicated pneumothorax, air, enter, leave the pleural space, in tension pneumothorax, air enters the pleural space, each breath, becomes trapped, trapped air accumulates, pressure builds up, in the chest, lung collapses on that side, push the important structures, in the center, the chest, heart, major blood vessels, airways, toward the other side, the chest, shift, compression, the opposite lung, affect the flow of blood returning, heart, situation, lead to low blood pressure, shock, death, sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, chest tightness, easy fatigue, bluish color, the skin, due to lack of oxygen, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, decreased mental alertness, consciousness, decreased, breathing, rapid, distended neck veins, veins, in the neck appear to bulge, physical examination, decreased breath sounds, listening, chest, a stethoscope, structures, in the mediastinum, center, the chest, appear shifted, subcutaneous emphysema, air trapped, in the tissue, the chest wall, causing a spongy feeling, the chest is felt, the hands, palpation, a health care provider suspects tension pneumothorax, treatment should start, diagnostic tests, nonetheless, tests, help confirm the diagnosis, doubt, to assess the severity, the situation, tests used, in the diagnosis of tension pneumothorax, a chest x-ray, arterial blood gases, electrocardiogram, have symptoms of tension pneumothorax, seek immediate medical treatment, objective of treatment, remove the air, pleural space, allowing the lung to re-expand, in an emergency, a small needle, standard intravenous needle, chest cavity, the ribs to relieve the, excessive pressure, definitive treatment, chest tube, a large plastic tube that is inserted, the chest wall between the ribs to remove the air completely, chest tube is attached to a vacuum bottle that slowly, continuously removes air, chest cavity, allows the lung to re-expand, the lung heals, stops leaking air, vacuum is turned, chest tube is removed, hospitalization, proper care, the chest tube, several days required, the affected lung re-expands, surgery indicated, recurrent episodes, lung, does not re-expand after 5 days, a chest tube in place, up to 50% of patients, a pneumothorax, have another, no long-term complications following successful therapy, acute respiratory failure, pneumomediastinum, air, in the mediastinal space, interfere, heart, lung functioning, shock, extremely low blood pressure, death, symptoms of this disorder, use precautions to avoid chest trauma, many cases, not preventable, murray j, nadel j, textbook of respiratory medicine. 3rd ed, philadelphia, pa, wb saunders, 2000. , marx j, rosen's emergency medicine, concepts, clinical practice. 5th ed, mosby, 2002.