testicular cancer…

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male reproductive anatomy, male reproductive system, cancer, testes, germ cell tumor, seminoma, testicular cancer, abnormal, invasive growth, cancerous, malignant, cells, in the testicles, male sex glands adjacent, penis, the exact cause of testicular cancer has not been identified, several predisposing factors, increase risk, past medical history of undescended testicles, abnormal testicular development, klinefelter's syndrome, a sex chromosome disorder that characterized by low levels of male hormones, sterility, breast enlargement, small testes, previous testicular cancer, factors, under investigation, causes, exposure to certain chemicals, infection, the human immunodeficiency virus, hiv, a family history of testicular cancer, increase risk, no link between vasectomy, an operation to cause sterility, elevated risk of testicular cancer, between 6,000, 8,000 men, diagnosed, testicular cancers each year, testicular cancer accounts, 1% of all cancers in men, the most common form of cancer in young men 15 to 40 years old, occur in young boys, 3% of all testicular cancer is found in this group, white american men have, five times the risk of african-american men, than twice the risk of asian-american men, risk, testicular cancer has doubled among white americans, in the past 40 years but has remained the same, african-americans, reasons, differences, not known, testicular cancers classified, seminomas account, 30-40% of all testicular tumors, is found in men in 30s, 40s, condition, localized, testes, 25% of cases it has spread to lymph nodes, non-seminomas account, 60% of all testicular tumors, subcategories of these tumors, listed below, non-seminoma tumors often contain more than one, cell types, embryonal carcinoma, 20% of testicular cancers, occurs in 20-30 year olds, highly malignant, grows rapidly, spreads, lung, liver, yolk sac tumor, 60% of all testicular cancers in young boys, teratomata, 7% of testicular cancers in adult men, 40% in young boys, choriocarcinoma, rare, stromal cell tumors, a kind of tumor that is made of leydig cells, sertoli cells, granulose cells, tumors account, 3-4% of all testicular tumors, make up nearly 20% of all childhood testicular tumors, tumors, secrete a hormone, estradiol, cause one, the symptoms of testicular cancer, gynecomastia, excessive development of male breast tissue, enlargement of a testicle, a change, in the way it feels, lump, swelling in either testicle, dull ache, in the back, lower abdomen, gynecomastia, excessive development of male breast tissue, occur, in adolescent males, in whom it is not a symptom of testicular cancer, testicular discomfort/pain, a feeling of heaviness, in the scrotum, initial symptoms, spread, the cancer to other parts, lungs, abdomen, pelvis, brain, no symptoms, a physical examination typically reveals a firm, non-tender testicular mass, does not "trans-illuminate", light, a flashlight held, scrotum, does not pass, the mass, tests, scrotal ultrasound, confirm solid mass, blood tests, tumor markers, alpha-fetoprotein, afp, human chorionic gonadotrophin, beta hcg, lactic dehydrogenase, ldh, 85% of non-seminomas, have elevations of either afp, beta hcg, seminomas, have elevations only in beta hcg, ldh, monitor the response to treatment, a chest x-ray, look, potential metastasis, spreading of cancer, lungs, an abdominal ct scan, look, potential metastasis, tissue biopsy, by surgical removal, the testicle, testicle is removed, tissue is examined, treatment depends on the type of tumor, stage, the tumor, extent, most patients, cured, once cancer is found, first step, the type of cancer cell, determination, by a microscopic exam, cells, seminoma, non-seminoma, types of seminoma, non-seminoma cells, found, single tumor, tumor is treated, a non-seminoma, next step, how far it has spread to other parts, "staging", in stage i, cancer has not spread beyond the testicle, in stage ii, cancer has spread to lymph nodes, in the abdomen, in stage iii, cancer has spread beyond the lymph nodes, could be, far, the liver, lungs, three types of treatment, surgical treatment includes removing the testicle, orchiectomy, removal of associated lymph nodes, lymphadenectomy, performed, in the case of both seminoma, non-seminoma testicular cancers, radiation therapy using high-dose x-rays, high-energy rays used after surgery, patients, seminomas, prevent the tumor from returning, use of radiation therapy, limited, treatment of seminomas, chemotherapy, using drugs cisplatin, bleomycin, etoposide to kill cancer cells, has greatly enhanced the survival rate of both seminomas, non-seminomatous testicular tumors, cure rate, stage i seminoma tumor is over 95%, treatment, surgery to remove the testis, radiation, lymph nodes, in the abdomen, stage ii seminoma tumors, divided into bulky, non-bulky disease, bulky disease, defined, tumors greater than 5 centimeters, treatment of stage ii seminomas includes surgery to remove the testis followed by either radiation, lymph nodes, in the case of non-bulky disease, chemotherapy, cisplatin, patients, bulky disease, cure rate is between 85-95%, stage iii seminoma tumors have a 90% cure rate, treatment is surgery to remove the testis, multi-drug chemotherapy, cure rate, stage i nonseminoma tumor is over 95%, treatment is removal, the testis, removal of lymph nodes, in the abdomen, stage ii nonseminoma tumors have a cure rate of over 95%, treatment, surgery to remove the testis, lymph nodes, in the abdomen, possibly followed by chemotherapy, stage iii nonseminoma has a 70% cure rate, chemotherapy, surgical removal, the testis, cancer, recurrence of a previous testicular cancer, consists of chemotherapy using combinations of different medications, ifosfamide, cisplatin, etoposide, vinblastine, followed, autologous bone marrow, peripheral stem-cell transplant, joining a support group where members share common experiences, help the stress of illness, local branch, the american cancer society, support group, lance armstrong, a famous cyclist, survivor of testicular cancer, he has a web site that offers support, information, a federal government web site, national cancer institute offers information, services, cancer patients, families, survival rate, men, early stage seminoma, least aggressive type of testicular cancer, greater than 95%, disease-free survival rate, stage i non-seminomatous cancer is nearly 95%, stage ii seminomas it is 70-90%, depending on the size, the tumor, treatment is begun, stage ii non-seminomas it is greater than 95%, stage iii, 70% curable, response to treatment means that testicular cancer is one, the most treatable cancers, metastasis, spreading, to other parts, testicular cancer, most common sites include the retroperitoneal area, abdomen, spine, lungs, testicles, removed, man becomes infertile, unable to have children, no sperm cells, produced, surgery, remove lymph nodes, damage to nerves that control ejaculation, cause infertility, impotence, newer type of surgery that has a better chance of preserving the nerves that maintain erection still removing the lymph nodes, testicular cancer affects men, ages they, want to father children, nerve-sparing surgery, sperm banking, to save sperm, freeze it, use in artificial insemination, any treatment, discussed, the doctor, symptoms of testicular cancer occur, a male over 15 years old who has not been taught testicular self-examination, tse, who has not had testicular screenings performed by health care provider, routine physical examinations, no prevention, testicular cancer, finding it early is important to successful treatment, survival, young men should learn to perform testicular self-examination, tse, shortly after puberty, a tse performed on a monthly basis, play a major role in detecting tumors at earlier stages, they spread.